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М249 - история создания http://www.gearguide.ru/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=1281 |
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Автор: | Flogger [ 29 сен 2014, 15:22 ] |
Заголовок сообщения: | Re: М249 - история создания |
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Автор: | ace [ 29 сен 2014, 16:20 ] |
Заголовок сообщения: | Re: М249 - история создания |
Возможно будет тоже интересно: http://www.thegunzone.com/556dw-7.html In 1974 писал(а): FN introduces Ernest Vervier's final design project, the Minimi LMG. While a pair of prototypes were assembled in 7.62mm NATO, further prototypes are constructed in 5.56mm. ... Development Test / Operation Test I ends for the SAW candidates. In addition to the three 6mm SAW prototypes, three 5.56mm LMGs have been tested: a Colt M16 HBAR, the FN Minimi, and the HK 23A1. A standard M16A1 was used as the control. The Colt HBAR didn't make the cut due to its mere 30 round magazine. The decision to drop the HK 23A1 for safety reasons was particularly controversial. First, the HK entry suffered numerous problems due to the experimental XM287/XM288 cartridges. The lot of IVI ammo used possessed thinner case walls than the usual M193/M196 cartridges. Aberdeen personnel also disassembled the trigger group beyond the limits of factory recommendations. During reassembly, critical parts were bent. HK co-founder and managing director Alex Seidel complained vociferously, to no avail. Aberdeen publishes the report "Engineer Design Test of 5.56-MM Fabrique Nationale Machine Gun, Model MINIMI." The purpose of the test was to determine the physical and functional characteristics of the weapon. One weapon was provided and tested with 8,653 rounds of special heavy projectile ammunition. The weapon and ammunition physical characteristics and functioning performance were determined in tests for accuracy and dispersion, endurance, and operability at temperatures of +155 F and -50 F. Maintenance and human factors aspects were evaluated. The weapon and ammunition generally exhibited satisfactory performance during all testing. In those instances where performance was marginal, the problem was either corrected or could be corrected by component design changes. Aberdeen also publishes the report "Engineer Design Test of 5.56-MM Heckler and Koch Machine Gun, Model 23A1." The purpose of the test was to determine the physical and functional characteristics of the weapon. A total of 2400 rounds was fired. The weapon was subjected to an initial inspection and safety investigation, an accuracy and dispersion test at 100- and 300-meter ranges, an endurance test, and maintenance and human factors evaluations. The evaluations were terminated prior to completion of the endurance test due to the frequent occurrence of feeding failures, and for safety reasons. Firing of the weapon produced severe case-head swelling and ejection of the primer from the case. The testing of the weapon in a high- and low-temperature environment, originally scheduled after the endurance test, also was cancelled. The cause of the weapon-related malfunctions and cartridge-case casualties was not determined prior to test termination. In 1975 писал(а): February: After Army brass makes it clear that they and their NATO allies are not likely to adopt a third infantry cartridge, the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) chooses the FN Minimi and the Rodman XM235 for future development, in conjunction with the new 5.56mm XM777 Ball and XM778 Tracer. The US XM777 is similar in construction to what we now know as the FN SS109; however, the XM777 projectile is shorter and lighter making it suitable for 1-12" twist weapons. The XM778 tracer is capable of a visible trace out to 750 meters. In 1977 писал(а): June: The Office of the DDR&E requests a review of the SAW program. While briefing DDR&E personnel, the new SAW project officer, MAJ Robert D. Whittington III, requests additional funding: $1,945,000 for FY 1978 and $875,000 for FY 1979. This will permit completion of the advanced development phase and allow for head-to-head trials of the FN Minimi and XM248. In 1978 писал(а): August: The US Army signs a contract for 18 FN Minimi for the latest SAW trials. The Minimi is now designated the XM249. DARCOM orders that the HK 21A1 be included in the testing. The HK is given the name XM262. In 1979 писал(а): January: Field-testing begins for the NATO light support weapon entries. Once again, most of the testing is conducted at the West German Infantry School. Testing continues through June. Entrants include the 4.85mm Enfield XL64E4, the 5.56mm FN Minimi, and the 7.62mm NATO Rheinmetall MG3E (a cropped variant of the MG3, itself a modern version of the WW2-era MG42). The control weapon is the 7.62mm FN MAG58. http://www.thegunzone.com/556dw-8.html In 1980 писал(а): May: After head-to-head trials at Aberdeen and Fort Benning, DARCOM considers the FN XM249 to be the best choice on the ground of performance and cost. The HK XM262 has placed a close second. ... September: HQDA approves DARCOM's recommendations regarding the SAW selection. FN is awarded a "maturity phase" contract for further development of their XM249. ... November: The US Coast Guard indicates they intend to dispose of their existing M16 rifles, in exchange for a new 9mm NATO SMG and the FN XM249. In 1981 писал(а): June: Testing of the improved XM249E1, along with US-manufactured XM855 and XM856, begins at Aberdeen. In 1982 писал(а): January: The Joint Service Operational Requirement Document is published for the M249. ... February: The FN M249 Squad Automatic Weapon is officially adopted and standardized. Original goals are for the US Army to procure 49,979 and the USMC to purchase 9,974. ... May: The DOD awards a contract to FN to provide the data necessary to complete a TDP for the M249. This does not include data regarding manufacturing techniques. ... FN grants a license for the Minimi TDP to the DOD. In 1984 писал(а): February: Diemaco is awarded over $107 million (Canadian) for 79,935 rifles, 1,565 carbines, 470,570 Thermold magazines, and 6,500 FN Minimi. The C7 rifle is to become a variant of the Colt M16A2, albeit retaining the full-auto mode, rear sight, and shorter buttstock pattern of the M16A1. (Diemaco claims to have eventually made 150 changes to the TDP.) The C8 carbine is closer to the profile of the old Model 653 carbine, updated to the 1-in-7" twist and other "M16A2" improvements (except for the M16A1-style rear sight). The C8 is to retain 86 percent parts commonality with the C7. Colt designates these Canadian variants, the Model 715 and 725 respectively. The FN Minimi becomes the C9. These are intended to be built to Canadian specs using a number of Diemaco-made parts. ... June: The British ITDU begins LSW Comparative Weapon Trials. The LSW is pitted against the FN Minimi, HK 13, and Steyr AUG-HBAR. The L4A4 LMG and L7A2 GPMG are used as controls. The LSWs used have been modified with a pistol grip near the butt, and a swing-up shoulder support. ... July: The British ITDU ends LSW Comparative Weapon Trials. The LSW fails the semi-auto accuracy standard, still produces split groups, yet manages to pass the revised standard for full-auto group size. Reliability is still deemed to be poor, and the new shoulder support is considered useless as it is mounted too high to actually contact the shoulder. The foreign competitors are all considered to be more robust and reliable; however, each possesses their own deficiencies. The FN Minimi produces excessive sized burst groups, the HK 13 produces split groups in full-auto fire, and the Steyr AUG-HBAR fails to meet the semi-auto accuracy standard. While the Steyr is the favorite of the trials staff, its use of a non-standard magazine makes it unacceptable as a LSW replacement. As a result of the trials, a new version of the LSW is created, the XL73E3. The main difference is the introduction of a full-length receiver extension, which places the bipod under the muzzle. Ну и далее по датам... |
Автор: | Flogger [ 29 сен 2014, 17:37 ] |
Заголовок сообщения: | Re: М249 - история создания |
Спасибо) Это один из источников, которым я пользуюсь. Но там не всегда абсолютно точные данные. Например буклет 1975 года опровергает данные о том, что первые Миними были в калибре 7,62. Там написано, что на тот момент они находились в стадии разработки |
Автор: | ace [ 29 сен 2014, 21:49 ] |
Заголовок сообщения: | Re: М249 - история создания |
Flogger писал(а): Спасибо) Это один из источников, которым я пользуюсь. Но там не всегда абсолютно точные данные. Например буклет 1975 года опровергает данные о том, что первые Миними были в калибре 7,62. Там написано, что на тот момент они находились в стадии разработки Объем проделанной работы автором этого сайта впечатляет, но основной недостаток что нет указаний на источники информации. Вполне допускаю что могут быть незначительные ошибки. Пожалуй соглашусь что прототипы в 7,62 так и не были изготовлены, в FN говорят что они были разработаны ("designed"), но нигде нет фотографий изготовленных в 1974 году прототипов именно в 7,62, а в FN (да и во многих других оружейных компаниях) прототипы стараются сохранять, или хотя-бы их фотографии должны были сохраниться, т.к. объект довольно значимый. http://www.forgottenweapons.com/visit-to-fn-herstal/ Цитата: Did you know that FN is now producing the Minimi in .308 caliber? It was originally designed in both .223 and .308, but at the time (30 years ago) the .308 was not particularly desired by the market, so it was sidelined. Today there is a lot of interest in that gun, as it is barely heavier that the .223 Minimi, and much more practical as a heavy-caliber SAW that something like the MAG (which is more of a mounted or implaced weapon). Кстати, есть непроверенная информация, что сначала пулемет был разработан под 7,62, и только потом дизайн был переделан под новый патрон FN SS109 5,56. http://weaponsman.com/?p=11948 Цитата: Their first design was for a 7.62 x 51mm gun, but this gun does not appear to have been constructed at this time. Parallel developments at FN in the ammunition field made it possible to increase the range and penetration of a 5.56 round, so the Minimi team used the new FN SS109 round.
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Автор: | Flogger [ 30 сен 2014, 10:35 ] |
Заголовок сообщения: | Re: М249 - история создания |
Информация про 7,62 Миними кочует из статьи в статью) Питер Кокалис в статье журнала Калашников за 2005 год со ссылкой на журнал Shotgun News пишет, которые в свою очередь ссылаются непосредственно на ФН, что первые Миними были 7,62. И даже приводят фотографии прототипов. Но! На этих фотографиях явно видны пулеметы выпуска не ранее 1977 года. Об этом свидетельствует как внешние детали - ствол, сошки, цевье и прочее, так и технология изготовления - явно видна сварка на ствольной коробке. А к сварке пришли не ранее 77 года, до этого была клепка. А поскольку в буклетах за 74-75 годы никаких прототипов не показано (а если бы они были, то наверное их бы продемонстрировали) и указано, что Миними 7,62 находится в разработке, то я сделал вывод, что первыми были все таки 5,56. Если 7,62 и были первыми, то об этом ничего неизвестно. Все остальные упоминания достоверных подтверждений не имеют. Вот статья Питера Кокалиса, где можно увидеть первые достоверно известные 7,62 Миними http://profilib.com/chtenie/59707/piter-kokalis-pervyy-fn-minimi.php |
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